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Antibiotic resistome of : molecular determinants for the emergence of drug resistance

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 693-703 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0777-6

摘要： Resistome is a cluster of microbial genes encoding proteins with necessary functions to resist the action of antibiotics. Resistome governs essential and separate biological functions to develop resistance against antibiotics. The widespread clinical and nonclinical uses of antibiotics over the years have combined to select antibiotic-resistant determinants and develop resistome in bacteria. At present, the emergence of drug resistance because of resistome is a significant problem faced by clinicians for the treatment of Salmonella infection. Antibiotic resistome is a dynamic and ever-expanding component in Salmonella. The foundation of resistome in Salmonella is laid long before; therefore, the antibiotic resistome of Salmonella is reviewed, discussed, and summarized. We have searched the literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar with related key terms (resistome, Salmonella, antibiotics, drug resistance) and prepared this review. In this review, we summarize the status of resistance against antibiotics in S. typhi, highlight the seminal work in the resistome of S. typhi and the genes involved in the antibiotic resistance, and discuss the various methods to identify S. typhi resistome for the proactive identification of this infection and quick diagnosis of the disease.

关键词： S. typhi     antibiotic resistance     mechanism     resistome     identification methods    

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Elasto-plastic fatigue crack growth analysis of plane problems in the presence of flaws using XFEM

S. SHEDBALE,I. V. SINGH,B. K. MISHRA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 420-440 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0305-y

摘要： In this paper, elasto-plastic XFEM simulations have been performed to evaluate the fatigue life of plane crack problems in the presence of various defects. The stress-strain response of the material is modeled by Ramberg-Osgood equation. The von-Mises failure criterion has been used with isotropic hardening. The -integral for two fracture modes (mode-I and mode-II) is obtained by decomposing the displacement and stress fields into their symmetric and antisymmetric parts, then individual stress intensity factors are extracted from -integral. The fatigue life obtained by EPFM is found quite close to that obtained by LEFM.

关键词： XFEM     von-Mises yield criterion     isotropic hardening     fatigue crack growth     J-integral    

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Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

Gardiner, Yan Jiang, Paul Cormican, Matthew S. McCabe, Xinmin Zhan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0923-9

摘要： This study assessed the effects of reducing hydraulic retention times (HRTs) from 21 days to 10.5 days when anaerobically co-digesting pig manure and food waste. Continuously stirred tank reactors of 3.75 L working volume were operated in triplicate at 42°C. Digester HRT was progressively decreased from 21 to 15 days to 10.5 days, with an associated increase in organic loading rate (OLR) from 3.1 kg volatile solids (VS)·m ·day to 5.1 kg VS·m ·day to 7.25 kg VS·m ·day . Reducing HRT from 21 days to 15 days caused a decrease in specific methane yields and VS removal rates. Operation at a HRT of 10.5 days initially resulted in the accumulation of isobutyric acid in each reactor. High throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this increase coincided with a shift in acidogenic bacterial populations, which most likely resulted in the increased isobutyric acid concentrations. This may in turn have caused the increase in relative abundance of bacteria, which syntrophically degrade non-acetate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) into H and CO . This, along with the increase in abundance of other syntrophic VFA oxidizers, such as suggests that VFA oxidation plays a role in digester operation at low HRTs. Reducing the HRT to below 21 days compromised the ability of the anaerobic digestion system to reduce enteric indicator organism counts below regulatory limits.

关键词： Biogas     Sequencing     Clocamonaceae     Spiorchatetes     Isobutyrate     Biosafety    

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End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 322-334 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0329-3

摘要： In this paper, the end-use efficiencies of the different energy carriers and the overall energy efficiency in the Nigerian residential sector (NRS) were estimated using energy and exergy analysis. The energy and exergy flows were considered from 2006 to 2011. The overall energy efficiency ranges from 19.15% in 2006 to 20.19% in 2011 with a mean of (19.96±0.23)% while the overall exergy efficiency ranges from 4.34% in 2006 to 4.40% in 2011 with a mean of (4.31±0.059)%. The energy and exergy efficiency margin was 15.58% with a marginal improvement of 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively when compared with previous results. The contribution of the energy carriers to the total energy and exergy inputs were 1.45% and 1.43% for electricity, 1.95% and 3% for fossil fuel and 96.6% and 95.57% for bio-fuel. The result shows that approximately 65% of the residence use wood and biomass for domestic cooking and heating, and only a fraction of the residence have access to electricity. LPG was found to be the most efficient while kerosene, charcoal, wood and other biomass the least in this order. Electricity utilization exergy efficiency is affected by vapor-compression air conditioning application apart from low potential energy applications. In addition, this paper has suggested alternatives in the end-use application and has demonstrated the relevance of exergy analysis in enhancing sustainable energy policies and management and improved integration techniques.

关键词： end-use     energy     exergy efficiency     residential sector     Nigeria    

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基于图像的拟南芥抗性检测自动化工作台的构建

Goldi Makhija, Dinesh S. Pujara, In-Hyouk Song, Byoung Hee You, Hong-Gu Kang

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第5期   页码 495-499 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.009

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Marble epistyles under shear: an experimental study of the role of “Relieving Space”

PASIOU, I. STAVRAKAS, D. TRIANTIS, S. K. KOURKOULIS

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 767-786 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0515-9

摘要： The mechanical response of mutually interconnected epistyles is studied experimentally. The specimens are made of two marble blocks connected to each other with an “I”-shaped titanium connector placed in grooves sculptured on the blocks and covered with cementitious material. The specific way of connecting epistyles simulates the one used by scientists restoring the ancient “connections” of the epistyles of the Parthenon Temple. This “connection,” although designed to sustain mainly tensile loading, undertakes, also, shear load, in case of excitations imposing to the epistyles displacements normal to the connector’s axis. Attention is focused to enlighten the role of a novel design technique aiming to relieve the stress field around the connector. According to this technique, part of the connector’s web is left uncovered, forming the so-called “ ,” assisting the unconstrained deformation of the connector. Both traditional and innovative sensing techniques were employed in an effort to obtain data from the interior of the three-material-complex (marble-cementitious material-titanium). Analysis of the data indicated that the “Relieving Space” reduces the overall stiffness of the system, protecting marble in case of over-loading. Moreover, it was concluded that the innovative techniques employed provide pre-failure indicators well in advance of the catastrophic failure of the specimens.

关键词： monuments of cultural heritage     marble epistyles     pressure stimulated currents     acoustic emission     digital image correlation    

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Fatigue crack growth simulations of 3-D linear elastic cracks under thermal load by XFEM

Himanshu PATHAK,Akhilendra SINGH,I.V. SINGH,S. K. YADAV

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 359-382 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0304-z

摘要： This paper deals with the fatigue crack growth simulations of three-dimensional linear elastic cracks by XFEM under cyclic thermal load. Both temperature and displacement approximations are extrinsically enriched by Heaviside and crack front enrichment functions. Crack growth is modelled by successive linear extensions, and the end points of these linear extensions are joined by cubic spline segments to obtain a modified crack front. Different crack geometries such as planer, non-planer and arbitrary spline shape cracks are simulated under thermal shock, adiabatic and isothermal loads to reveal the sturdiness and versatility of the XFEM approach.

关键词： 3-D cracks     fatigue life     Paris law     thermal load     XFEM    

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Assembly of biosynthetic pathways in

Lidan Ye,Xiaomei Lv,Hongwei Yu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 126-132 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1597-8

摘要： A robust and versatile tool for multigene pathway assembly is a key to the biosynthesis of high-value chemicals. Here we report the rapid construction of biosynthetic pathways in using a marker recyclable integrative toolbox (pUMRI) developed in our research group, which has features of ready-to-use, convenient marker recycling, arbitrary element replacement, shuttle plasmid, auxotrophic marker independence, GAL regulation, and decentralized assembly. Functional isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways containing 4–11 genes with lengths ranging from ~10 to ~22 kb were assembled using this toolbox within 1–5 rounds of reiterative recombination. In combination with GAL-regulated metabolic engineering, high production of isoprenoids (e.g., 16.3 mg?g dcw carotenoids) was achieved. These results demonstrate the wide range of application and the efficiency of the pUMRI toolbox in multigene pathway construction of .

关键词： pathway assembly     toolbox     reiterative recombination     S. cerevisiae     biosynthesis    

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适用于田野调查的加勒比按实蝇信息素聚氯乙烯剂型 Article

Kawagoe, Spencer S. Walse

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第11期   页码 1646-1650 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.011

摘要：

实蝇威胁着世界各地的水果生产。在美洲，作为害虫治理计划的一部分，用诱捕网络监测按实蝇（Anastrepha）的种群。在本文中，我们研究了利用雄性加勒比按实蝇（Loew）信息素、(±)-anastrephin 和(±)-epianastrephin，形成聚氯乙烯（PVC）聚合物基质引诱剂进行陷阱部署的制备方法。PVC聚合物圆盘（100 mg）分别含有10%（质量分数）的(±)-epianastrephin 和(±)-anastrephin，天然存在的非对映体比例为7∶3。将信息素从圆盘排放到空气的这一过程作为测量非生物环境参数、绝对湿度和温度的函数。从基质释放信息素的这一扩散控制机制得到了动力学数据的支持，一级反应速率常数随着温度的降低（从30 ℃降低到15 ℃）而降低了约1/10。因此，从圆盘释放的挥发性信息素能够在田野调查中持续数周。可以很容易地将这种动力学方法推广至聚合物基质的其他引诱剂的扩散控制释放中，在进行田野生物调查之前，可以对潜在的环境损失进行实验室预测。

关键词： 按实蝇     按实蝇信息素     Epianastrephin     PVC引诱剂     控制释放    

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Critical review of recent development in fiber reinforced adobe bricks for sustainable construction

SALIH, Adelaja I. OSOFERO, Mohammed S. IMBABI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 839-854 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0630-7

摘要： This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of research on the utilization of fibers (predominantly derived from waste materials) as reinforcement in adobe brick production. Recycling of these wastes provides sustainable construction materials and helps to protect the environment. Specimen preparation and test procedures are outlined. The effects of addition of these wastes on the physical and mechanical properties of adobe bricks as presented in the literature, are investigated. The main results for each additive are presented and discussed. It is concluded that improved adobe brick properties can be expected with the addition of combination of waste additives. The use of waste materials in the construction industry is generally of interest and useful for engineers and designers seeking sustainable solutions in construction. It is also of interest to researchers actively seeking to develop methodical approaches to quantifying, optimising and testing the performance in use of such waste material additives.

关键词： adobe bricks     fibre reinforced bricks     green     sustainable building material     physical and mechanical properties    

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CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 192-202 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0406-x

摘要： This paper investigated the flow distribution and total pressure drop across a designed 3-D filter housing integrated with a 3-stage filtration system using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The filter housing model was proposed for a heavy-duty industrial gas turbine plant operating at an average ambient temperature of 20°C.The pressure drops across the classes of filters were 652.8 Pa, 2692.2 Pa, 887.8 Pa, 776.2 Pa and 2304.2 Pa for I-GB, GB-GA, GA-FA, FA-HA, and HA-O, respectively. The results obtained indicated an acceptable total pressure drop of 7.2% for the entire filter housing before filter clean-up. Although the CFD simulation result shows that small outlet flow velocity and transonic flows exist at the outlet of the filter housing, the designed filter housing was proved compatible with the studied GT, for inlet flow conditions between 600≤ ≤610 kg/s and 60≤ ≤70 m/s for the air flow rate and velocity, respectively. Furthermore, the designed filter housing could be adopted for the studied GT and locations of Usan and Maiduguri in Nigeria, and other locations with similar environmental conditions.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     pressure drop     flow distribution     filter housing     gas turbine    

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简评深部采矿的机遇与挑战

S.,Rathnaweera Tharaka D.,Bandara Adheesha K. M. S.

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第4期   页码 546-551 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.024

摘要：

随着全球生活水平的提高，更多消费者进入了矿物资源市场，使得矿物资源的消耗正在迅速增长。其结果是，在21 世纪为了有效应对矿物资源供应危机，地下采矿持续地向更深的水平推进。然而，深部采矿在一个需要有非常规技术以及有挑战性的环境下进行，为了克服这些挑战和实现可观的经济收益需要重大的创新性解决方案、最佳实践以及实施额外的安全标准。这些挑战包括深部采矿工程常常遇到的灾难性事件：岩爆、瓦斯突出、高的原岩和次生应力、大变形、挤压和流变岩体以及高温。本文回顾了全球深部采矿现状，指出了一些与深部采矿的岩石力学和工程地质相关的技术进展及机遇。在这些技术进展中，基于全自动化的采矿和矿物提取过程的无人工作面和无人矿山已成为21 世纪的重要领域。

关键词： 深部采矿     岩石力学     岩爆     原岩应力     采矿自动化    

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<i>FESEi>’s Best Papers of 2017

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1051-x

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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 210-224 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019268

摘要：

Races belonging to the Ug99 (TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa, Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat production. The rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times. A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat production. Race TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in Europe. Concerted research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance (APR) genes and gene combinations for use in breeding. Combining multiple adult plant resistance genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of resistance. Effective gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes, complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments.

关键词： adult plant resistance     black rust     race-specific resistance     Triticum aestivum    

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Accounting for the uncertainties in the estimation of average shear wave velocity using – correlations

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1199-1208 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0749-1

摘要： Site-specific seismic hazard analysis is crucial for designing earthquake resistance structures, particularly in seismically active regions. Shear wave velocity ( V S) is a key parameter in such analysis, although the economy and other factors restrict its direct field measurement in many cases. Various V S–SPT– N correlations are routinely incorporated in seismic hazard analysis to estimate the value of V S. However, many uncertainties question the reliability of these estimated V S values. This paper comes up with a statistical approach to take care of such uncertainties involved in V S calculations. The measured SPT– N values from all the critical boreholes were converted into statistical parameters and passed through various correlations to estimate V S at different depths. The effect of different soil layers in the boreholes on the Vs estimation was also taken into account. Further, the average shear wave velocity of the top 30 m soil cover ( V S30) is estimated after accounting for various epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. The scattering nature of the V S values estimated using different V S– N correlations was reduced significantly with the application of the methodology. Study results further clearly demonstrated the potential of the approach to eliminate various uncertainties involved in the estimation of V S30 using general and soil-specific correlations.

关键词： uncertainties     V S– N correlations     V S30     SPT data     statistical methodology    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Antibiotic resistome of : molecular determinants for the emergence of drug resistance

期刊论文

Elasto-plastic fatigue crack growth analysis of plane problems in the presence of flaws using XFEM

S. SHEDBALE,I. V. SINGH,B. K. MISHRA

期刊论文

Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

Gardiner, Yan Jiang, Paul Cormican, Matthew S. McCabe, Xinmin Zhan

期刊论文

End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE

期刊论文

基于图像的拟南芥抗性检测自动化工作台的构建

Goldi Makhija, Dinesh S. Pujara, In-Hyouk Song, Byoung Hee You, Hong-Gu Kang

期刊论文

Marble epistyles under shear: an experimental study of the role of “Relieving Space”

PASIOU, I. STAVRAKAS, D. TRIANTIS, S. K. KOURKOULIS

期刊论文

Fatigue crack growth simulations of 3-D linear elastic cracks under thermal load by XFEM

Himanshu PATHAK,Akhilendra SINGH,I.V. SINGH,S. K. YADAV

期刊论文

Assembly of biosynthetic pathways in

Lidan Ye,Xiaomei Lv,Hongwei Yu

期刊论文

适用于田野调查的加勒比按实蝇信息素聚氯乙烯剂型

Kawagoe, Spencer S. Walse

期刊论文

Critical review of recent development in fiber reinforced adobe bricks for sustainable construction

SALIH, Adelaja I. OSOFERO, Mohammed S. IMBABI

期刊论文

CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

期刊论文

简评深部采矿的机遇与挑战

S.,Rathnaweera Tharaka D.,Bandara Adheesha K. M. S.

期刊论文

<i>FESEi>’s Best Papers of 2017

期刊论文

Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

期刊论文

Accounting for the uncertainties in the estimation of average shear wave velocity using – correlations

期刊论文